Showing posts with label 2015. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 2015. Show all posts

Zambia, Zimbabwe, Victoria Falls and South Africa

The Zegrahm trip in 2015 to Zambia was spectacular, not the least because of naturalist Lex Hes who guided it.  Other than the hot air balloon crash, which injured my right shoulder and right knee ACL (again!), this was an incredible trip.

It started by getting off on the wrong country.  Who knew that the Victoria Falls airport was in Zimbabwe, not Zambia?

It ended with a visit to Pastor and Sherifa Martin in Johannesburg (my friend Johan Martin's parents) and then on to CapeTown for a conference on antique maps of Africa.



ZAMBIA

THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE YOU SAY "I WISH I WAS THERE"...

This particular trip was run by Zegrahm Expeditions and one good feature is a well-known naturalist who accompanies us, Lex Hes.  It is not all glamor.  Most days we arise at 5 to do an early morning drive when the birds begin to forage and the kills of the nocturnal hunting animals are still visable...that attracts other animals you might not normally see like vultures and hyaena.  By 10 it begins to get stifling hot.  There's a break for brunch and a rest back at the lodge/camp, and then at 3 there is coffee and snacks and another drive from 4:30 to 7:30.  Sundown is around 6:45 so you see the full range of animal activity.  Not all camps have aircon, and some don't even have fans.  All have mosquito netting around beds. You cannot drink the water but there is plenty of filtered water available.  The roads are rough because elephants and hippos walk through them when it rains (rarely...the rain) and they dry rough.  Still, this is a remarkable experience.


FIRST THING ON THIS TRIP... I FLY INTO THE WRONG AIRPORT

I used to be first rate at figuring out travel on my own, but this time I made a mistake. The downside was not too terrible, consisting as it did of walking about a mile in the hot midday sun of Zimbabwe, transferring to three taxis in order to get to the hotel after having waited in non-air-conditioned concrete room which constitutes the immigration line at the Victoria Falls airport for an hour and a half, with no clean bathrooms in sight.
   If I had let the expedition organizer book my flight, no doubt this would not have happened. But how was I to know that there is a difference between Livingstone the airport in Zambia and Victoria Falls airport in Zimbabwe? They are a mere 40 km apart… But they are in different countries and that means among other things that it is necessary to get two visas at the airport of arrival instead of one. The difference is only $20 so that's not terrible, but of course I got in the wrong Visa line on top of everything else and had a heavy backpack on my back, no place to sit in orderly rows in these little African airports, and some really smelly people in front of me
   Anyhow, I arrived after a few extra hours on the road , to the Royal Livingston hotel which is on the Zambia side of the border. It is really a spectacular place, and I am not good enough for it. Among the first things I did was to insist on changing room to a place on the property where The Internet signal reached. There is a possibility that the signal was blocked not by remoteness from the hotel villa-like check-in area, but by what you will see in the attached photo.  These obstructions were 10 feet away from my hotel room door

Tonight I am having an early dinner on the veranda which is not far from the banks of the Zambezi river. This, after all, was a prompting for this trip in the first place. There are a few of you who know that I have an interest in the exploration of Africa, and I have therefore been intrigued for quite some time about the trip of Henry Morton Stanley to find the medical missionary Livingstone (who  did end up somewhere deep in Zambia as his final destination… And place of death.) Perhaps the most famous words in all of the history of exploration is a phrase that Stanley uttered when he walked into the village where Livingstone was living, made his way through the crowd of interested native people who were admiring the American flag that Stanley was carrying on behalf of the newspaper for whom he had undertaken this adventure, and spoke out clearly "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"   In fact, we used to have a dinghy at Lake Tahoe which was made by the company Livingston, and I promptly named it "I presume". The dinghy floated away on a windy day at Tahoe, as so much of actual African history has floated away due to colonialization  and economic exploitation. This is why I want to see more of Africa before it changes into an economic disaster with indigenous traditions lost and farm land rolled into corporate farms, with mines slashing through the jungle and rivers filled with industrial chemicals and runoff from corporate farming, all of this fueled in large part by our friends the expansive Chinese. Of course perhaps if the Chinese were not responsible for the spoiling of Africa in this decade, another country may have stepped up to fill the void in what is seemingly an inevitable destruction of a great continent… Which is the mother of us all (a Tip of the hat to Lucy)
  More in a few days. It took me 28 hours to get here. I smell pretty bad myself, and I'm hungry for something other than airplane food

VICTORIA FALLS  Helicopter ride of a lifetime – – over Victoria Falls. In addition to giving a great view of the falls, from overhead one gets a perspective of the Zambezi river, and the force of the water as it goes over the falls. The ride includes going through the gorge carved out by the Zambezi as it approaches Victoria Falls. To start the adventure right, the Helipad is located near a marvelous baobab tree

Morning sun catches the mist on Victoria Falls, seen from the Zambian side

GIRAFFE Impass at the hotel path en route to Victoria Falls. Helpful advice from shuttle driver: "be careful, that's a male and they can be aggressive". Guess I'll walk the long way around

A mixed bag of notes from today in Zambia. Less then half a mile from our Toko Leya camp we encountered a small herd of elephants. Then we went to the border with Zimbabwe, to cross over and see Victoria Falls from that side. The most common passengers across the border are bicycle traders, who take vegetables from the Zambia side to Zimbabwe and sell them there. These "merchants", mostly young men, support whole extended families by this activity, which is the only means of employment for most of them. Unemployment is 62% in Zambia, and higher in Zimbabwe. Next we went looking for the rare white rhinoceros, and managed to see a small group of them.  Tomorrow we go deeper into Zambia, flying by small charter planes from Livingstone into the place on the map on the upper left of the red triangle. Livingstone, our nearby airport to our current lodge, is where our guide's finger is pointing (on the lower left). These next tented camps are not going to be luxurious – – no air-conditioning, and no Wi-Fi. So, catch you in seven days when we return to a lodge which has a few more amenities.  Jeez it's hot here!


REPORT FROM BUSANGA BUSH CAMP, Kafue National Park, ZAMBIA...

LIONS, leopards, elephants, hippo, elephants and all kinds of antelope and birds.  In summary, that was what our group experienced in our first two days of touring in modified open-sided Toyota expedition vehicles.  One our first evening out we saw a lioness with her cub, helping themselves to the antelope kill of earlier that day.  The lioness had hidden her cub in a thicket while she went on the hunt, and then dragged the carcass back for consumption over the next few days.  Both of the cats' stomaches were bulging and though we got within 30 feet, there was no danger.  They walked some distance to a little stream for a drink, and then back.The next day we returned to the site to get a better look at the carcass and watched as the cub took a stroll into the nearby grasses hoping to find a playmate (there are older cubs by this important female of this pride) but no others came when he called so the cub had to be content with some birds dive-bombing her and scampering after them.


CHASED BY AN ANGRY MOTHER ELEPHANT.  Mothers and babies are a part of the eco-system here, with each species having its own gestation cycle and so there are always babies.  A not-so-tranquil scene happened on day two of our Zambian trip when half the group, in one open-sided safari vehicle,  were observing an elephant baby so small that it was probably born the night before, our guide guessed.  We stopped the car at a very respectful distance for photos, and then started on the road past that small elephant grouping...but in this instance the mother elephant raised her trunk, trumpeted, flapped her ears and took off after us.  Frankly, it was scary, but the road was good enough for the driver to accelerate rapidly and after she chased us for 200 yards, she gave up and turned around.  Every adventure travel trip I've ever taken has at least moment when you wonder if you'll get back home in one piece, and this I think was one for Zambia.



Oct 7

Air travel in Zambia, at least on small planes chartered to go into airstrips near bush camps, brings a whole new meaning to "runway hazards". From this photo, It's hard to see that elephant just ambling up the right bank of the Tarmac a bit ahead of the plane that's about to land. But they both made it safely !

CRASH LANDING IN KAFUE: October 2, 2015

Yesterday i thought that being charged by an angry female elephant was a possible near-death experience, "One on every trip,"  I think I quipped.  Today topped that.

October 2 started early for me as, once again, I touched the wrong button on my travel alarm clock and reset it such that the alarm went off at 3:45, not 4:45.  It occured to me after I'd already dressed that I didn't hear any other stirrings in the safari camp.  (I dislike using the world "camp" because most camps don't have dining rooms with linen, a well-stocked no-charge bar, 24 hour coffee and cookies, a small swimming pool, and outdoor seating with a fire pit to take the chill out of the early morning air...)

Nonetheless, after gathering at 5:15, off we five Zegrahm travelers domiciled at this camp went.  It was only a short distance to where the hot air balloon company awaited us.  The other 6 of our travelers, staying at another camp nearby, had taken this balloon ride two days before.

The trial balloon today (yes, there is such a thing as a trial balloon!)  indicated good ballooning conditions.  Yesterday, following the night's thunderstorm, it had not.

Clilmbing into a hot air balloon basket is always a bit of a struggle, but I'd done it before in Napa and in Bagan.  We got some instructions on landing positions to assume, including the "sport landing" position to assume in case of a rough landing.

The trouble started almost immediately when we lifted off.  The clouds had suddenly closed in, and the wind shifted not far above the grounds.  We were moving along at 10 kilometers/hour and 100 feet off ground when the pilot started getting alarming radio calls from the pursuit truck crew.

Our speed accelerated quickly -- too quickly.  We barely cleared some acadia trees (stripped bare of foliage and left with only 4 foot spikey thorns, as this was the end of the dry season and the giraffes had little else to eat...).  The pilot looked over the park to try and find an even-yet-not-hard patch of ground to land.  But the ground on the other side of the line of acacia tress was a mass of hard lumps, where the mud from the rainy season had dried as elephants and rhinos had moved through it on their way to find more foliage elsewhere.

The pilot spotted an even field near a stream, and he did his best, but he couldn't dump air out of the balloon fast enough to descend quickly.  We were all crouched down in the basket in the "sport landing" position we'd been instructed in.

Three huge jolts as the bottom edge of the basket caught the ground of the relatively-even flood plain, and after each jolt the baloon went a bit aloft again, and then boom-lift-boom-lift-boom-FALL OVER.  We looked back later over the ground and clearly saw the long divits that the basket had caused, over the length approximating two football fields

Extremely scary.  Actually, I thought I was going to die.  No one really remembers much as we were all screaming so much.  We all got out of the tipped-on-it's-side basket, in a relatively orderly manned -- as orderly as you can do on your bruised and hurting side, head-first.  We took a look around for lions and hyenas but didn't see any nearby.  When the pursuit truck arrived 30 minutes later, we climbed in for our ride back to camp.  No one wanted the champagne.

The result was:  not dead.  But I had a banged up knee, a huge contusion that starts at my right hip and goes to my tailbone, a big swelling on the back of my left hand. We all had concussions, according to our fellow traveler who is a retired neurologist.  And me? I had gratitude.  Not dead today, Goddess, thank you!  Still, I had a good cry in my room back at the camp.  Sometimes traveling alone and going through a day like October 2 leaves you feeling pretty vulnerable.


We get really close to animals...
GAME VIEWING.  In these open sided safari vehicles, you can get quite close to the animals.  I took these photos with parts of the vehicle canopy etc in them just so you can understand what it's like to be 10 feet away from an animal.  Here, giraffe, hyaena, and heffalumps (aka elephants).  By the way, hyaena weigh over 200 pounds with a jaw strength that is unbelievable ... one bite can break through a giraffe leg.


Wonderful birds!

Experience of a leopard kill

Zambia at night, in the bush, holds many surprises.  Leopard kills, herds of giraffe, beautiful sunsets, and "sundowner" drinks catered on the front of the safari vehicles.  FYI new thing I learned:  the first thing a leopard does when it downs an impala is to crush its windpipe so it cannot emit a distress cry...which alerts the hungry hyaena always on the prowl.  Hyaena will actually steal the kill as even leopards are afraid of them.  After silencing it, this female leopard took a while to kill this pregnant impala, and first feasted on its stomach area to lighten it up and then dragged the carcass into a nearby tree for its feast over the next 3 days.  Photo of leopard/impala was lit up with spotlights that guides use judiciously in night drives, so as not to dazzle night animals.



 CHIAWA CAMP, LOWER ZAMBEZI NATIONAL PARK


This is what greeted us as we approached the boat dock for Chiawa Camp on the Lower Zambesi River today

It's really hot here, 40c=105f and although we are not on game drives in the middle of the day, it's like a sauna in our cabins. Loads of nasty biting flies too!

A bush camp may be the only place you'll ever have a chance to have a catered breakfast by a river, with a pile of hippo dung on the other side of the table.

This evening's "sundowner" cruise on the Zambezi gave an opportunity to see all the sights not yet seen: a hippo close up, a big crocodile lying still on the riverbank hoping to surprise a baboon, an elephant about to swim to a nearby island with more greenery for supper, and the setting sun against the Zambezi escarpment being escorted to night by a wide mouthed hippo yawning on the left. Magical

What's a tented permanent safari camp look like?  This is my cabin at Chiawa Camp and you can see I am about forty feet away from the Zambezi River. Last night the water buffalo walked through, vocalizing as they went.  A bit disconcerting to hear this 10 feet away from my canvas tent side BUT we are on a raised platform so all is well. Everything here is very nice but yesterday it was 40C and that's pretty darn hot. Thank goodness for fans 24x7 running on generator power!


Oct 8
This evening's "sundowner" cruise on the Zambezi gave an opportunity to see all the sights not yet seen: a hippo close up, a big crocodile lying still on the riverbank hoping to surprise a baboon, an elephant about to swim to a nearby island with more greenery for supper, and the setting sun against the Zambezi escarpment being escorted to night by a wide mouthed hippo yawning on the left. Magical 

Oct 10
I've just arrived in Lusaka, unpacked and am enjoying a hotel with consistent aircon and hot water, and despite a mixup at the airport where the hotel transport was at the wrong location... Here I am.
    I prevailed on two young Zambian airport police to call the hotel and straighten things out. While I waited I got their life stories, an accounting of their training, their family histories including the grandma who still farms, their desires to get established in their jobs before seriously looking for girlfriends, etc.  Just like young men everywhere. One of them proclaimed he wanted to marry an American woman and fluttered his eyelashes but laughed when I said I was almost 70 and therefore could not go to the dance clubs with him. We had a great time talking. 
   As is so often the case, the travel angel on my shoulder and a big sincere smile on my part continues to deliver good experiences and stories. 
   I know I am blessed and I am very thankful  
   So we will see what the next two days brings in terms of a deeper understanding of Zambia as I have coffee with a few HBS program grads. Should be interesting. The country has elections soon. Unemployment is over 60 percent. The price of copper is falling and China needs less copper every year, agriculture is struggling as the land is not particularly fertile (the substrate is sand from the Kakahari Desert that blew in millions of years ago) and fertilizer takes foreign exchange which this poor country has little of... Were they better off under British rule (called Rhodesia at the time...) or did the Brits simply skim the resources and ran?  Some revealing discussions ahead...
   Stay tuned 

And yes, being in the bush was educational and thrilling , but exhausting.  Will not miss 4 am wake up calls for early game 

Oct 12
Things I won't miss about Zambia: tsetse flies. But our guide in Kafue had a unique solution. He rigged up a kind of smoker in front of the right headlight, filled it with dried elephant dung, and lit it. Lovely aroma (not!) engulfed us as we drove around but it kept the tsetse away. Mostly. When they bite, you know it!

I AM OF AFRICA AND AFRICA IS OF ME...


I'm not sure where this mystical sense came from, that I am of Africa and Africa is of me. I've used the term "mother of us all" many times and generally I get a quizzical look or even a disbelieving email when I use this term.
  But for me, there is indeed something that touches deep within my soul about this continent. The other day I decided to create a list of the top 10 travel experiences of my life, seeing with my sixth sense once again some stories and circumstances that are forever blazed in my memory. The really interesting thing to me was it when I was done with my top 10, seven of them were Africa-centric.
 I think the real breakthrough for hard-driving shy overcompensating me came in 1974 in the desert in southern Algeria, sitting around the campfire with Tuaregs.  I could not speak their language nor they mine. But they made tea and passed it around the circle and sang soft evening songs into the tranquil starlit night, while the sand shifted slightly around us as the sands of time surely do, and one of them took his leather and metal slim bracelet off his wrist and gave it to me and insisted that I take it with me on my forward journey.
  It has been 40 years since I wandered away from the group I was traveling with, and I've wandered away from many groups since then. I may be in part born nomad, or I may be in part an independent spirit, or I may be in part just a reservoir of my mother's orneriness and her high spirits. Whatever mixture I am, A deep regret that I have is somehow along the way of my journey, I have lost that bracelet. It's strange the things that come to mean so much to us, and they are not greatly material things, but a whisper of a memory, a recollection of a kind smile, and a sense that we are indeed all one. That in part is what I mean by the mother of us all, for our species surely started on this continent, and if there is hope for the world to come, I believe it resides here

Amazon, Amazon Basin, and The Wild Coast of Northern South America

This was essentially a trip to understand the Amazon and what all the fuss is about regarding the Amazon rainforest. For starters, I learned how very BIG is the region I was going to learn more about.



My first glimpse of the Amazon River
March 30, 2015

... As the plane headed to the very modern clean big and efficient airport in Manaus, the capital of the Brazilian state of Amazona, I looked out the window at this vast dark river below, the Rio Negro. Tomorrow I'll see it in the daylight! I am very excited!


…and then there is Manaus... a major port city of the world! ... half modern and part slum ... and I am excited to be in the middle of the Amazon!

 
My HBS Grad contact, Jaro Pollanen (thank you, Jaro!) arranged for a driver to meet me at the airport ...so very kind of this yet-unmet person...and the hotel Caesar Business is great.


The humidity is a lot like Indiana in August. I'll adapt. No need for the mosquito net tent I packed just in case. I keep forgetting that my hostel days are past ...and that I'm not 27 any more...

 

Looking forward to these few days in the center of the Amazon basin, and then onward to the trip on the Sea Adventurer.
 
 


















Manaus
March 31

A day to get over the jetlag and explore the town.  A private guide took me to see favelas, the Opera House built in the late 1800’s by rubber barons, the sports stadium built in time to accommodate the recent World Cup, and…the horrific traffic!


 
Modern Manaus

It’s called the rainy season and the Amazon rainforest for a good reason.  The afternoon storm clouds loom over the bridge connecting Manaus with the other side of the Amazon.


Today a quick tour of Manaus that included the historic market built in the early 1900's. I've been reading about a lot Amazon explorers who advanced the cause of ethnobotany and the importance of preserving the rain forest and its healing plants. So I was intrigued to see these displays in the market.






The Teatro Amazonas, or the Opera House, in Manaus was built in the late 1890's by the rubber barons who made a fortune exporting that product around the world from the plantations carved out of the jungles of the Amazon area. It is in great shape today, beautiful inside and outside, and used for performances from jazz to grand opera!









Meeting of the Waters
April 1
 
“The Meeting of the Waters.” Two rivers join just outside of Manaus to form the main flow of the Amazon toward the Atlantic Ocean. These rivers run in parallel in two different colors for 4 miles until they mingle. Water from the Rio Negro picks up a lot of color from decomposed material on its banks and this turns it dark brown. The Solimoes River picks up silt from clay-based (reddish) soils, and thus is yellowish.

A fisherman makes his way on the Solimoes River
part of the Amazon; you can see in the foreground
the dark waters of the Rio Negro.





 
 
So interesting to see “life along the rivers”... floating houses and houses on stilts The people are living not much beyond subsistence level

 



Waterfalls at Presidente Figueredo
April 2, 2015
 

With a driver, I ventured about 150 km outside the city to an area of waterfalls, near a resort area called the Presidente Figueredo. No one really recalls who Figueredo was, but apparently he had the foresight to set aside this area for public enjoyment. Kind of the way our National Parks systems in the USA was created, I suppose.

None of these waterfalls are from major rivers that flow into the Amazon, but of course ALL rivers end there eventually.  Manaus marks the point where the main course of the Amazon consolidates and moves toward the coast of Brazil and the Atlantic Ocean.









Iracema Falls

On April 3, I flew from Manaus to Belem with several other participants in this Zegrahm tour “South American Mozaic” and settled into my cabin as the Sea Adventurer was at the dockside berth in Belem.
 
BELEM
April 4
We “early birds” really understood the meaning of that term as we got on the zodiacs early early early and went to see the sun rise over Ilha dos Papagaios (Parrot Island). 


 
 The squawking began with the first light, and hundreds of orange-winged Amazon parrots rose from their overnight roosts and flew with their mates to find food for the day. Spectacular!
 
 
 
The late morning tour of Belem took us to a wonderful park, where we got our first glimpse of some of the interesting plants and animals we’ll see throughout the Amazon and the “Wild Coast”, as the Northeast Coast of South America was often called during its early development.
The Agouti, a member of the rodent family, is kind of a combination of
a mouse and a squirrel.  As it eats the fruit and seeds dropped
by trees onto the rainforest floor, it "disperses" these plants
through the rainforest by burying them and excreting them.

Snowy egrets -- we saw them frequently
in many places of the Amazon Basin
and the Wild Coast

In the afternoon, we again boarded zodiacs for a trip to an area near Belem called Boa Vista, where we walked through villages of the Amerindians living there.  The Brazilian government is encouraging development of acai gathering and other traditional activities. This has allowed cash to come into the villages. I love the washing machine. Seriously, it's only when women get away from such family tasks that they can seek education and develop their potential.

 
 

The Breves Straits: deluge and delights
April 5, 2015  (Easter Sunday)
We boarded the Zodiac rafts for a cruise on byways of the Amazon in an area called the Breves Straits just in time for the afternoon deluge. As the expedition guides grinned and said, “It IS the rainy season you know”, off we went! It was really fascinating. I have seen a lot of birds -- parrots, tanagers, hawks, and others I can't remember the names of -- and there are a lot of avid birders on board so that is good for me.
 
 
Today (April 6) featured a morning expedition (wake up call 5:30, board Zodiacs 6:15ish). It was humid but not raining -- a pleasant 76 degrees and a mere 95% humidity -- and we were able to take a closer look at vegetation, insects, flowers that the trees produce to attract insects, a few birds. The guide on our Zodiac was a sweet young hippy-ish guy born in Westchester County who's been exploring/expedition guiding for a dozen years, and who has also been a teacher. He pulled into a small village centered around the Congregation New Canaan (I cannot reproduce the Portuguese name, sorry) and the community is busily producing wood for broomsticks using a fast-growing native tree. The children were so inquisitive in a good way, and the adults friends. Our guide endeared himself by playing a riff on the drum set in the church!  Although this is an important economic activity for this community, the devastation of the rainforest through this illegal lumbering is increasing, and it will be sad to see the effects over time.

All this wood... for broomstick handles!

 
We had a buffet lunch on deck of the Sea Adventurer ... it poured halfway through ... but, oh well.

Our lecture today was on a fellow named Wallace and his sidekick Bates (who has "Batesian mimicry" named after him...google it...) both of whom explored the Amazon in the mid 1800's collecting plants and insects and birds and mammal speciments as they went. Wallace predated Darwin in his elucidation of the theory of evolution, but gave Darwin (who was better known) the credit so the theory could be more readily accepted. Very interesting.

On April 7, we docked near the town of Atua and took zodiacs to visit.  The whole town is built above the water on boardwalks – there is no land in this town -- as the tide rises and falls significantly at the mouth of the Amazon on this part of the Brazilian coast. The choice of transportation in Atua is thus limited:  bicycles (individual or 4-seater taxis), wheelbarrows, or foot.
 
Later, we bid farewell to the Amazon and then crossed the equator as we set sail for French Guiana,
A bumpy ride on the South Atlantic
April 8, 2015 :  all day at sea!
The voyage between Atua on the Brazilian coast and the countries of “the Wild Coast” (NE South America) means going out to the South Atlantic.
It was a bumpy 30-hour ride to the anchorage at Iles du Salut in French Guiana.  A good 30% of my fellow passengers are seasick, and I confess to taking a Pepto myself. The good news is that the expedition organizers are filling the day with interesting lectures by our 6 on-board naturalists.
The Devils Island, French Guiana
April 9, 2015
Solitary Confinement!
Iles du Salut was made famous by the movie “Papillion”, based on the (contested) story of Henri Charriere who escaped from this notorious French penal colony called the Devil’s Island.   We had an expedition outing there,  via Zodiac ride, to the landing at the Iles du Salut, still a department of France.  We saw a fair number of birds, capuchin monkeys, iguana, and many old buildings with a lingering aura of horror and despair about them.

 
In the afternoon, we set sail for Paramaribo, Suriname.
Now that we are closer to the coast of South America, the seas are a bit calmer.

It continues hot hot hot and sticky with one or two showers a day required depending on the number of excursions, and constant washing of sweaty clothes in the little cabin sink. And to think... I get to pay the big bucks for this!
 
Suriname
April 10, 2015
We docked near Paramaribo in Suriname. I opted to take a tour inland to the small town of Moengo which is putting a lot of energy into encouraging artworks for public display and small art galleries. There is a museum in an abandoned warehouse with some interesting "installations" on the themes of social justice.
fter a tour of Moengo, we got into dugout canoes for a 40 minute journey up the Cottica River. The interior of Suriname is the heart of the old Maroon culture, a result
of runaway slaves who could not endure the harsh conditions and punishments of the plantation life. We walked through a small village, saw a demonstration of cassava bread making, looked at traditional houses. Of course, every clothesline or drying-bush had soccer jerseys on it, and there was a satellite TV dish too. It seems that no part of the world is untouched by Western technology.
 
Making bread from cassava, a process
that involves many steps. 

Kids swim in the river near where our dugouts docked

Near and in Georgetown, Guyana

April 11, 2015

 
Today, we are in Guyana, a former British colony where cars still drive on the "wrong" side of the road, and where English is the official language. The country has a population of around 750,000 and 300,00 of those citizens lives in Georgetown, the capital. The economy rests primarily on mining, rice exports and cane sugar production but much of the backbone of the economic system here comes from "remittances" -- money sent back to Guyana by those who have left for other outposts of the British empire (Canada, the UK, etc) and have found jobs there. Unemployment among those Guyanese citizens who remain is almost 40%. Despite that, the city of Georgetown has a happy Caribbean feeling, with brightly painted buildings and colorful dresses.


Georgetown itself is almost 8 feet below sea level: the sea is kept at bay by a system of dikes and seawalls that were built when the Dutch controlled this country.





 
 

A real delight was stumbling on an Easter Hat contest in the public gardens.  What a festive event, with dozens of thrilled little girls and their moms enjoying a bright and hot day.





We had a bit of a fluff-up with port authorities in Georgetown, as our ship draws 4.7 meters aft and the authorities had recently changed the regulation to 4.5 meters for navigation up the Essequibo River. But some wining and dining of the Minister of Tourism resulted in the local-pilot assenting to do the voyage, so we left our anchorage at the Georgetown pier, went seaward for a bit, and are now headed for the Essequibo. The attraction here is a rain forest that supports 1000 species of trees and 1200 species of mammals, reptiles and birds.

 

Essequibo River and Kaieteur Falls, Guyana
April 12





We are docked in the Essequibo River, and we exited the ship by jetboat to the small airstrip near Baganara, a eco-resort island.


 




 
 

Boarding the small planes, we flew inland to the heart of Guyana to look at Kaieteur Falls. These falls are 300 feet wide and 741 feet high -- almost five times the height of Niagara Falls. The birders on the trip are very excited, as this is habitat for the rare cock-of-the-rock.

 
Flying over the rainforest here, we can look down and see strip mining operations.  They are like a knife-slash-wound in this beautiful forest area.


The trip to Kaieture Falls in the heart of Guyana provided a really spectacular sight of powerful and fast-moving water that flows along the twisty-turny far-away-from-Georgetown part of the Essequibo River and dumps with a roar over these wide and tall Falls -- and the sight was especially awesome from the 12 passenger prop planes we were in; as they approach the Falls, they fly low over the forest canopy and buzz the Falls before they land on the just-long-enough red-dirt-packed airstrip at the entrance to this National Park. The plane ride from the eco-resort of Baganara is 45 minutes, through clouds and blue skies and sudden rainbursts: quite exciting!


The walk to the Falls is about 40 minutes, but then it took so long in part because we and our naturalist guides dallied along the way to identify incredible foliage, to look for and spot the tiny green frog (about the size of a dime) that lives in the base of a palm-like plant and will spit its venom at you if you disturb it and get too close, and VERY LUCKY FOR US -- to spot the elusive bright-orange bird called the Cock of the Rock.

I'm sure it has a proper scientific name, but
I'd just called it THE TOILET PAPER PLANT.
The soft red fuzz on the plant's leaves make it
a perfect household product for the rainforest peoples.



Altogether, a wonderful excursion!


 
Unexpected blossoms along the way

 
This trip has featured some spectacular sights. I fear I am becoming a naturalist, as I've learned to see the land, trees, sea, rivers, insects, mammals, birds in a totally newer and deeper way.


Last night, about half the passengers went out on the Zodiacs for a moonlight ride along the islands and near the mainland of the Essequibo River that's opposite the settled area of Georgetown. Our Zodiac got stranded in a sandbar near an island and we had to be "rescued" by another Zodiac, towed out a bit, and then we transferred in the middle of the river to an empty Zodiac to continue our tour.


In the forest, the cicadas were loud, and some birds were just going to sleep. The bats, however, were whizzing around feeding on the insects of the night. Did you know that bats have the most species in the mammal kingdom? Most bats eat insects, often consuming an amount of insects equal to the bat's weight each night. The vampire bat does in fact exist, feeding on small mammals and birds -- not located where we are -- but one of our naturalists gave a presentation about mammals of the Neotropics showing some ancient pottery jugs that feature vampire bats in scary detail.
We returned to the boat by 9 p.m., drenched completely by one of those rainy season deluges that are of the heavens-opening type: from zero to full bore and then back again to zero, all in the course of 15 minutes. Nothing a glass or two of white wine with dinner couldn't remedy :-)
 
Zodiac delights in Guyana
Monday, April 13, 2015 

This was the last day of this Expedition for extensive Zodiac trips. We were given a wake-up call at 4:30, gulped down some coffee and rolls in the lounge, and boarded the Zodiacs by 5:30. The sun rose at 5:45, and as it did the forest/jungle came alive! Scores of orange-winged parrots scolded us as we motored slowly past the trees in which they had roosted for the night. By 7:30, when we turned back to the ship, things had quieted down and the birds had retreated to the coolness of the lower canopy.

 
We had to be on board by 8 a.m. as the tide would be at its highest then, and we needed that additional depth to move the Clipper Sea Adventurer out of the mouth of the Essequibo which is otherwise filled with sandbars. Silt from the Amazon flows north and west to Guyana, and other silt from the Orinoco (in Argentina) flows south to Guyana. The water in the Essequibo is thus partly salty near the mouth, light brown, and nicely warm.

So here is what we saw this morning in our Zodiac with our guide, Conrad, a talented naturalist from Costa Rica:

* Green Kingfisher
* Orange-winged parrots
* the Red-Billed White-Throated Toucan
* the Four-Tailed Flycatcher
* Swifts (they are small and swift -- too swift to identify the species!)
* the Scarlet-Rumped Carique.
* the Mangrove Swallow
... and one other, but I can't read my notes, as it is hard to take notes in a bumping-along Zodiac!

The Cariques were quite interesting. They build pendulous nests in trees where wasps also build nests. They eat primarily fruit, and were bringing back something orange to feed to the chicks. There must have been 20 of them in the one busy tree at riverside.

We also saw a three-toed sloth, suspended from the top of a bare-limbed tree, just starting to wake up from his night's sleep. His fur was greenish-looking as moss grows on it, and he lifted his head when Conrad mimicked an eagle whistle. Eagles eat sloths, and although sloths do indeed move very slowly, they try to reposition to a leafy area when an eagle is hunting. When we came back past the sloth-in-the-tree, he had his belly to the sun. Sloths take two weeks to digest a meal and the warmth of the sun on their bellies helps activate the digestive bacteria that help with that process; seems they don't get enough exercise to otherwise move things through their bowels. (perhaps he should travel with a small bag of prunes, as I do...)
 
Three-toed sloth, seen through a spotting 'scope
They don't move much, or often, and rely on
the sun's warmth to assist their digestion


As I write, the depth-finder on the ship just indicated we are beyond the shallows of the Essequibo River and en route out to the Caribbean. So we've left the South American continent. Next and final stop: Trinidad & Tobago.  We have a day and a half of sailing to reach our last ports of call.

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO:  A DIFFERENT KIND OF RAINFOREST; AND THE SCARLET IBIS SPECTACLE
April 15 & 16
We left the South American continent when we sailed away from Guyana and toward the island nation of Trinidad & Tobago.  There are two islands in this nation.  Tobago is the smaller island, and not very developed.  No port to dock at there, so the Sea Explorer anchored in the bay off Charlotteville, Tobago.  We joined a variety of other boats, including this guy who was bailing like mad!
 
 
This was a hot spot in downtown Charlotteville...




The walk through the rainforest in Tobago was on the Gilpin Trace Trail, and it is part of the Tobago Main Ridge Forest Reserve, the oldest legally protected forest reserved geared specifically towards conservation in the West hemisphere – established in 1776 by the British crown.  This rainforest is much different in feeling from the rainforests on the continent, but equally interesting.  We saw a bird, a MotMot, harassing a hummingbird nest – the Motmots eat the hummingbird chicks – and the hummingbirds trying to divert it.  
 
 
April 16 we awoke at dockside at Port Of Spain, Trinidad. 
 
 
This city has a distinct Caribbean vibe.
 
Our last day started with a 7 a.m. bus ride up into the hills of Trinidad, to the Asa Wright Nature Center, one of the first not-for-profit nature centers to be established in the Caribbean.  Off the deck of the lodge, hummingbirds abound.  Our walk down the trails nearby took us past marches of leaf-cutter ants, beautiful flowers, and the spotting of a shy bird.
 

 


 
The grand finale of the tour was a visit to the Caroni Bird Sanctuary, located on the west coast of Trinidad.  This is a swampy are with narrow waterways through dense mangroves, and we spotted herons, hawks, an owl, a 6-foot long boa, an anteater, crabs, spiders, egrets, etc. 
Blue heron
The Caroni Bird Santuary is characterized by
mangrove trees in its swampy byways
 
But the real thrill was seeing the flocks of Scarlet Ibis which arrived at sunset to an island.  Their red plumage and the white egrets also feeding on the delights of the sandbars which revealed themselves at low tide made some folks say that the whole island it looked like a decorated Christmas tree.
 
 
(thanks Wikipedia...no way to get close myself!)


A wonderful way to end this trip!

A wakeup call 2 a.m. found about half the passengers bleary-eyed but ready to go on the early American Airlines flight to Miami and then onward home. 

I don’t know about you, but regardless of where I travel, the best words in a trip are the “Welcome Home” that US immigration officers say.  Always good to be back in the USA!


Wings over Miami - back in the USA